The Ethics Of Fetal Stem Cell Research - 1777 Words

Despite the new technological advances that bring promise to many medical treatments, few issues cause concern when implementing the research into clinical studies. Many ethical dilemmas slow the progression of research due to the variety of opinions influenced by moral beliefs. Resembling abortion, the process of fetal stem cell research includes destruction of the embryo five to seven days after conceived, in order to obtain the needed stem cells. Stem cells main function is to divide and regenerate into new more specially designed cells. In 1981, mice stem cells were obtained but over ten years later, researchers were able to extract stem cells from human embryos. It is believed the stem cells of a human embryo could better the treatments of birth defects, diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and cancer. The finding of these stem cells and their uses established a moral standstill within medicine and society. Besides fetal stem cells, adult stem cells are also researched for new therapies yet are not as effective. According to the National Institutes of Health (2015), the stem cells obtained from an embryo are analyzed in order â€Å"to identify how undifferentiated stem cells become the differentiated cells that form the tissues and organs.† Many diseases are caused by an abnormality of cell division and cause the body to decline in health over time. The most common disease of abnormal cell growth is cancer, which destroy body tissues. Although there areShow MoreRelatedLegal Issues Regarding Stem Cell Research1666 Words   |  7 PagesStem Cell Research Legislation and Legal Issues: A stem cell can be described as the primary building block of the human body and have become important because of its ability to develop into a different cell type. Due to this ability to develop into different cell types, scientists have continued to build up ways to use stem cells to renew or repair damaged tissues or organs. As a result of such efforts, its expected that stem cell research can contribute to the discovery of new therapies forRead MoreEmbryonic Of Stem Cell Research942 Words   |  4 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell is when you have to destroy the egg inside, thus rendering that egg to become a human. The Stem Cell is put into a petri dish where it will be cultured and feed nutrients (Bethesda). The Stem Cell is almost like a blank code, It can replenish a part of the body that is hurt or has a disease (Bigloo). Stem cells can be programed any where in the body to fix the issue. When the stem cell divides it will keep producing till the part of the body is back to normal (Bethesda). Stem cellsRead MoreMorality of Amniotic Tissue Research Essay1021 Words   |  5 PagesAmniotic Tissue Research It seems that there is always new groundbreaking technology introduced into society. Our hope is to find some magical chemical that will cure all diseases or cancer. Imagine that a miracle substance was found but came, at what some may think is to high a price. Amniotic tissue is remarkable in its healing abilities, however, many think it is wrong to utilize the tissue since it is taken from aborted fetuses and embryos. Are the research processes of fetal tissue in directRead More Stem Cells: What How and Why? Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pages Stem Cells: What, How and Why? Stem cells are infinitely valuable when considering their potential applications in the medical profession. While current legislative restrictions have halted the development of new ?stem cell lines? to any agency or company that receives any form of governmental grants, there is no question that the medical profession is standing at the brink of a new era of technological advancements in healthcare and research. Stem cells are valuable due to the fact that theyRead More Stem Cell Research Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesStem Cell Research   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In modern medicine today there are remedies for many diseases and sicknesses. For those unfortunate few with rare diseases, cancer, or a genetic mutation, we don’t have a resolution or cure. The race to find these cures is going on right now. Many think the solution can be found in the tiny embryonic stem cells. Most of the people who believe that the embryonic stem cell is the solution also believe that the federal government should help fund the research. The use ofRead MoreStem Cell Paper . Framework. No Medical Advancement Has1788 Words   |  8 PagesSTEM CELL PAPER FRAMEWORK No medical advancement has ever been met with unanimous acceptance because it is in the nature of man to not only question the present but the future. Stem cell research currently presents itself as the nearest medical advancement in time of strong contentious social and political climate. The debates on the scientific, political, and ethical implications are intertwined in a discourse that practically leaves the United States at a standstill in amidst this scientific revolutionRead MoreRights Based Ethics And Stem Cell Research878 Words   |  4 Pages Rights Based Ethics and Stem Cell Research When talking about ethics, we have theoretical ethics and applied ethics. Those these two are different they, are also connected. Theoretical ethics can be defined as the theoretical study of the main concepts and methods of ethics(Ward). This is, basically, studying the ethical language, the concepts, beliefs, and the reasoning of certain ethical theories. Applied ethics are defined as the application and evaluation of the principles that guideRead More Potential Life Savers Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesthere has been research done on stem cells. Stem cells are specially grown cells in order to help diseased patients grow better tissue in hopes of their survival and recovery. These cells can be derived though many different procedures. Extracting stem cells from a fetal embryo has proved to be the easiest and most efficient way of researching the ability of stem cells. The problem with this technique is that stem cells, derived from a human fetal embryo, destroys it from the lack of cells for the growingRead MoreThe Study of Stem Cells Essay873 Words   |  4 PagesDr. James Till, a Biophysicist, and Ernest McCulloch, a Hematologist, proved that stem cells exist. Stem cells are considered important by many scientists for their trait of being able to adjust and develop into any kind of tissue. The study of stem cells has been mainly the interest of Biologist, however, Chemists have also had an interest in the advancement of stem cells. Stem cells, as stated previously, are cells that have the potential to develop into any kind of tissue. In the body they serveRead MoreEssay about Human Embryo Research 1019 Words   |  5 Pagesequal. The same law should be enforced concerning human embryonic stem cell research. Dr. James A. Thomson discovered stem cells in 1998 and they’ve intrigued scientist ever since. The stem cells themselves are derived from a three to four day old cluster of cells called a blastocyst and they are so coveted because they are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into any type of cell in the human body. Although embryonic stem cells show amazing potential to cure various disease such as cancer

Man Of La Mancha Essay - 638 Words

quot;Man of La Manchaquot; is the story of Alonso Quijana, a poor gentleman from Spain. He has read so many of the exaggerated romances of chivalry that he finally believes them to be his reality and sets forth as Don Quixote, a knight-errant on his old horse seeking many misadventures. And while this insanity may be an object of distress for others, Quixotes madness is comforting to himself. And all he reads oppresses him . . . fills him with indignation at mans murderous ways toward man. He broods . . . and broods . . . and broods- and finally from so much brooding his brains dry up! He lays down the melancholy burden of sanity and conceives the strangest project ever imagined . . . to become a knight-errant†¦show more content†¦After defeating the muleteers, he insists upon helping them recover, saying, quot;I must raise them up and minister to their wounds . . . Nobility demands.quot; In the world Quixote has left, his enemies would be left to rot, but in his own reality, he is doing the only right thing by tending to the injuries. This way comforting himself by correcting the wrongs of quot;mans murderous ways toward man.quot; Despite his noble deeds, Quixote is still looked upon as a crazy old man by those around him. As Senor Carrasco tries to convince Quixote of who he really is, Don continues to deny the real world and live in his dream, saying quot;so learned, yet so misinformed . . . facts are the enemy of truth.quot; Confronted with reality, the lunacy prevails because in his imaginary world, all is right and the pain he knew before was gone. Behind all the events of Quixotes misadventures and insanity, is a basic premise that is best expressed by the words of Cervantes: I have lived nearly fifty years and I have seen life as it is. Pain, misery, hunger. . . cruelty beyond belief. I have heard the singing from taverns and the moans of bundles of filth on the streets. I have been a soldier and seen my comrades fall in battle . . . or die more slowly under the lash in Africa. I have held them in my arms at the final moment. These were men who saw life as it is, yet theyShow MoreRelatedMan of La Mancha972 Words   |  4 Pagesliving. The choice a person makes on how they want to live their life, ultimately determines their future. A person should choose to live in an illusion which leads to hope, rather then reality which leads them to despair. The musical play Man of La Mancha, written by Dale Wasserman, is a perfect example of this because in the play, there are characters who live in illusion and characters who live in reality. Illusion leads a person to hope, and hope gives a person something to live for. One personsRead MoreUse Of Don Quixote De La Mancha By Miguel De Cervantes1324 Words   |  6 PagesDaniela Dicheva Professor Salena Fehnel ENG 106 08/19/2014 The Character of Don Quixote De La Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes A writer, no matter how great, no matter how brilliant his work, does not exhaust the literary wealth of a nation in a given era, but with all your heritage or just one of his work, he can score the highest peaks of the literature. Based on merit and dignity Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra takes the first place in the literature of the Spanish Renaissance, because most profoundRead MoreThe Ego And Ill Advised Endeavors : The Antics Of Cervantes Don Quixote2109 Words   |  9 Pagesthese characters lacking heroic traits, they are othered by society and peers, making these characters outcasts. One specific example of othering and anti-heroism is Don Quixote in Don Quixote, written by Miguel de Cervantes. Don Quixote is an older man who strives for nobility and knighthood; but his foolish, yet relentless efforts cause him to become a laughing matter amongst the people of Spain. Don Quixote’s silly antics and attempt at nobility are confirmation of a greater madness. Madness canRead MoreDon Quixote: Hero or Fool? Essay example1035 Words   |  5 PagesQuixote de la Mancha, author Miguel de Cervantes attempts to satirize the medieval romance through his character, Don Quixote. The tale tells the story of a man who loses his sanity out of his desire to become a real-life knight. This story was highly acclaimed for the time; even though it poked fun at the main character and medieval romances in general, it brought back the ideals of this genre. The legacy of Don Quixote continues with Joe Darion’s songs from the 1965 musical Man of La Mancha. HoweverRead MoreTh e Don Quixote By Miguel De Cervantes Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesQuixote de la Mancha, author Miguel de Cervantes attempts to satirize the medieval romance through his character, Don Quixote. The tale tells the story of a man who loses his sanity out of his desire to become a real-life knight. This story was highly acclaimed for the time; even though it poked fun at the main character and medieval romances in general, it brought back the ideals of this genre. The legacy of Don Quixote continues with Joe Darion’s songs from the 1965 musical Man of La Mancha. HoweverRead MoreMiguel de Cervantes: The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha1794 Words   |  7 PagesMiguel de Cervantes: The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha The indisputable literary value of The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha (usually abbreviated to Don Quixote) by Miguel de Cervantes places his work at the top of the global canon of literature. Internationally recognised as Cervantes’s masterpiece, the work was published in the early seventeenth century during the European Renaissance period, hallmarking the Spanish Golden Age of literature as â€Å"the first modern novel†Read MoreThe Fantasies of Don Quixote Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen called the best novel in the world, and it cannot be compared to any other novel. Don Quixote has been described as that genial and just judge of imposture, folly, vanity, affectation, and insincerity; that tragic picture of the brave man born out of his time, too proud and too just to be of use in his age (Putnam, 15). The novel has been translated by different people, but it has been said that Sheltons translation has a charm that no modern translation has because he Read MoreAnalysis Of Don Quixote809 Words   |  4 Pageswilderness and these unpopulated areas seeking adventures, and I’m committed to offering my arm and my person in any perilous adventure that comes my way to help the weak and needy.† (p. 97-98) Our story takes place in the seventeenth century in La Mancha, south-central Spain. Miguel de Cervantes takes us on this epic adventure firstly by introducing don Quixote and some of his adventures, and later on Sancho Panza, and the unbelievable battles and quests they faced for the sake of knight-errantryRead More themes of cervantes don quixote Essay534 Words   |  3 Pages Themes of Cervantes’ Don Quixote Miguel de Cervantes’ greatest work, The Ingenious Gentleman, Don Quixote De La Mancha, is a unique book of multiple dimensions. From the moment of its creation, it has amused readers, and its influence has vastly extended in literature throughout the world. Don Quixote is a county gentleman disillusioned by his reading of chivalric romances, who rides forth to defend the oppressed and to right wrongs. Cervantes presented the knight-errant so vividly that many languagesRead MoreAnalysis Of Miguel Of Cervantes Saavedra1581 Words   |  7 Pagesthe end the reader will notice that Don Quixote was not crazy at all†¦ The story has a key message, a moral. The main characters are Alonso Quixano, who shall become Don Quixote of La Mancha, Sancho Panza whose translation could be Sancho Pot-belly. He is Don Quixote’s squire and servant. He pretends that the old man is not crazy, because he thinks that he can make good money by serving him. The list of characters continues: Aldonza Lorenzo, a chubby, rude, poor girl in town. The nobleman calls her

Bacterial Transformation Using pGLO Involving X and Y Genes Free Essays

Genetic transformation is due to a direct cause in the change by genes, due to the cell in taking and expressing traits from a separate piece of DNA. Naturally proficient bacteria are able to absorb exogenous DNA and go through genetic transformation. (Chen Dubnau, 2004) The purpose of this experiment was to discover how a gene could be moved from one organism to a different organism with the help of plasmid. We will write a custom essay sample on Bacterial Transformation Using pGLO Involving X and Y Genes or any similar topic only for you Order Now The cells that are capable of acquiring these traits from the other organism are known as being competent. Weedman, 2013). In this particular experiment we will genetically transform the bacteria E. coli by inserting a gene through heat shock, this gene codes for Green Fluorescent Protein, also known at GFP. The GFP gene originally comes from a Jellyfish and under an ultraviolet light the bacteria that acquired the gene with glow a brilliant fluorescent green color. (Portman et al. 2013). If the cells’ nutrient medium has the sugar arabinose added to it then GFP can be turned on. (Weedman, 2013). To determine if our hypothesis was correct, we used four differently prepared plates. The four plates each contained a different combination of the following; arabinose, ampicillin, LB nutrient broth, and pGLO plasmid. The combinations were; +pGLO LB/amp, +pGLO LB/amp/ara, -pGLO LB/amp, and -pGLO LB. Our hypothesis was: the plates with pGLO will have growth because they are resistant to the antibiotics involved, the plate with ampicillin and without pGLO will show no growth due to the fact that the antibiotic compromises the bacteria, and the plates that will grow will be the ones containing pGLO since they obtain the trait for glowing. Materials and Methods: All methods were obtained from (Weedman, 2013) Before beginning the experiment obtain latex gloves, two microcentrifuge tubes, a beaker filled with ice, a micropipetter, micropipetter tips, transformation solution containing calcium chloride, sterile loops, pGLO, E. coli, and four plates containing different substances. To begin label the two microcentrifuge tubes +pGLO and – pGLO. Then proceed to obtain 250ul of transformation solution and put it in each one of the tubes using a different miropipetter tip each time, this solution will help enhance the permeability of the cell membranes. Then use a sterile loop to acquire single colony of E. coli to add to the tube labeled +pGLO; add this by twisting the sterile loop until the pGLO is off. Then repeat the last step for the -pGLO tube using a new sterile loop. Next add pGLO to the tube labeled +pGLO, to do this take a new sterile loop and inserted it into a vile containing the plasmid pGLO. Then twist the loop into the tube labeled +pGLO, then place both tubes into the beaker filled with ice for approximately 10 minutes. While the tubes are on ice grab the four LB (Luria Bertani broth) nutrient agar plates. Each plate should be labeled either +pGLO or – GLO; you should nave 1 LB/amp/ara plate (+pGLO), 1 LB plate (-pGLO 2 LB/amp plates (+pGLO)(-pGLO). After 10 minutes in the ice bath place the tubes in a floating rack and put them in a 420C water bath for exactly 50 seconds, giving them a heat shock. Immediately place both tubes back in the ice after the water bath for approximately 2 minutes. Once 2 minutes is up remove the tubes from the ice and put them in the rack at room temperature. Using a new tip each time, add 250ul of nutrient broth to both tubes. Then close the tubes and let them sit at room temperature for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes flick both tubes with your fingers to ix the contents, then using a fresh tip each time add 100ul of the transformation solution (+pGLO) and the control (-pGLO) to their appropriately labeled plates. Using a new sterile loop each time spread the contents around in each dish. Then tape the plates together and placed them upside-down in an incubator set at 370 C for 24 hours. Results: This experiment shows how a gene can be transferred from one organism to a different organism through the help of plasmid. Traits are exchanged from one DNA stand toa different one in the bacteria E. coli. Two of the plates were a control group, hich meant there was no growth after the plates were taken out of the incubator. These two control plates were the ones containing -pGLO LB/amp and -pGLO LB. The transformation plates were the two plates containing +pGLO LB/amp and +pGLO LB/ amp/ara. These two plates showed a substantial growth in bacteria after being taken out of the incubator, one plate showing a considerably larger growth than the other and they both glowed under UV light due to the pGLO. The plate that obtained the arabinose had the largest amount of growth over the 24-hour period. http://mol-bi014masters. masters. grkraJ. g/html/Genetic_Engineering4A- Transformation-Bacterial Cells. htm http://faculty. clintoncc. suny. edu/faculty/michael. gregory/files/bio%20101 [bio %20101 %201aboratory/bacterial%20transformation/results. htm Discussion: Our hypothesis was: the plates with pGLO will have growth because they are glowing. Our results supported our hypothesis, the plates th at showed growth were the plates containing +pGLO LB/amp and +pGLO LB/amp/ara. Where as the other two plates showed no growth at all, which matched our hypothesis. Michael Gregory did a previous experiment; he came to the same conclusion that our experiments’ results oncluded. His experiment was identical to ours, involving the same materials and procedure. The same plates showed growth in his experiment as ours, as well as the plates that didn’t show growth were the same. (Gregory, 2004). The only weakness that I could think of that would have a major effect on the results would be not using sterile equipment and causing cross contamination. Our experiments did not have any problems arise that would affect the results we obtained. How to cite Bacterial Transformation Using pGLO Involving X and Y Genes, Papers

Foreign Affairs Essay Contest Example For Students

Foreign Affairs Essay Contest With the beginning of a seemingly endless war on terrorism, and a shaky United States economy, now hardly seems the time to examine our general policy towards all other nations, and developing nations in particular. The wreckage of the World Trade Center is still smoldering, and our troops are marching on Kabul as I write. Nationalism is at a height only previously experienced during the World Wars. Every other car you see on the highway has Old Glory proudly flying in their window or on their antenna, some right next to their Rebel Flag. On the surface it appears the United States has pulled together for one more righteous cause, and evil, or those that oppose the US as they are commonly called, will surely fall. We wont stand for innocent attacks on civilians, and those damned Afghanis and Osama bin Laden had better hide. If you dont believe this, not only are you un-American, but you must be a damn terrorist yourself. Quietly, however, the argument is being made among scholars and free thinkers in the United States that perhaps we are not the innocent victims we portray ourselves to be in the September 11, 2001 destruction of the World Trade Center. Some forward thinking minds even predicted a tragedy somewhat like this, albeit not on such a large scale. Unenlightened people ask why something like this could or would occur. What would make such a poor and unstable country like Afghanistan decides to stand up to the almighty United States? The answer is not an easy one, and requires a large adjustment in what we expect in foreign relations, and how we see and treat the rest of the world as a whole. The United States is one of the last remaining super powers of the world, and we have the obligation to maintain and support good relations with the smaller and weaker nations throughout the world. We should take full advantage of this relationship in several different ways, all without exploiting the original peoples or our own power. First the U.S. must focus on investing and trading with those nations who have yet to become economic powers. Second, we must implement a consistent foreign policy towards the Middle Eastern nations, and all third world nations in general. Third, the United States needs to respect the attempts and results of the democratization and religious revivals in the Middle East and Latin America, while taking a passive role in letting the a Western type of democracy take its course. Fourth, the U.S. must ease and downplay its conflict with those civilizations that dislike the Western people and their way of life. Obviously, foreign investment is necessary for the future of developing other nations as well as our own. There must be an emphasis on foreign investment and trade, otherwise the third world nations will continue to fall behind economically, technologically, and domestically, which could lead to an economic downfall for the U.S. as well. The question then arises as to what the United States must do in order to have large trade agreements with other countries other than Japan and Mexico. In order for the U.S. to play a more active role in the economic and political development of many of these developing nations, it must first accept a different philosophy than its current one. First, it is imperative for the United States to play a similar role in Latin America to the one Japan has played with many of the developing nations in East Asia. The U.S. neighbors Latin America, and if it wants to play the role of big brother, it must accept the responsibility. Japan has invested, traded, and been a guide for many of its neighboring countries in East Asia, making them grow politically and economically while also profiting economically itself (Japan Remains 1996). The U.S. must realize that the economies of Latin American Nations will play an important part in the future of our own economy, and that it must begin to lead, invest, and aid not just Mexico, but countries such as Peru, Argentina, Boli via, and Columbia into the twenty first century. The mainstay in American foreign policy has always been to promote and instill democracy. However, in order to do this in a foreign nation, the U.S. must be able to first establish a viable economic relationship and system within the desired nations. We should not expect or want a nation to switch from a total authoritarian government to a market economy; doing so would be a disaster. The United States rests too much on its ideological beliefs, when there is no need to do so. Foreign countries seek our capital and trade routes, not our morals and culture. We, unfortunately, do not feel this is the case. The US has traditionally required all or nothing, in regards to demands on prospective trade partners, and political allies. The United States stance towards Cuba is a notable example of this philosophy. Instead, the U.S. has to be willing to allow developing to nations invest in U.S. markets before we invest in theirs, regardless of i deology. In return, a viable export / import system will be established. But it is essential that the economy of the developing nation be monitored and run by its own government, and the United States should only be there for advising purposes. When a reasonable system has finally been achieved, thennot right awaya more American, laissez faire type of economic network will be allowed to grow. If the greatest challenge the United States faces is implementing a foreign policy that is consistent throughout the Middle East, weve done nothing but shoot ourselves in he foot so far. Islamic nations arent likely to be responsive to ideas such as human rights, and democracy. These nations will never be responsive to western ideas when the United States continues to levy sanctions against them. The U.S. is lucky that it has an ally in Saudi Arabia and Israel, allowing them to implement many of these foreign policy agendas against the other Middle Eastern countries, without having to face ser ious economic consequences in the oil and gas industry. Oddly enough though, Saudi Arabia is probably as much against western ideologies as any nation in the Middle East. Women do not have equal rights, torture is frequent, there is no separation between church and state, and Saudi Arabia is extremely far from developing any sort of democracy (Miller 58). Now, when the U.S. promotes democracy and human rights, why does it support one country and condemn the next? Throughout the Cold War, American foreign policy would give aid to any nation who opposes communism. So during that time the U.S. developed a youre either with us or against us type of policy, non- alignment. With this policy, many of the Middle Eastern countries became so called enemies with the U.S., which has led to unrest and hatred of western democracies. In this time of global economics, the United States cannot pick and choose which countries to invest in. In order for the U.S. to defeat the challenges it faces in th e Middle East, it must start by supporting the entire Middle East. Israel and Saudi Arabia may be the most attractive offers, but Syria and even Iran have vast resources that will be very valuable to our economy in the future.Of course we cannot forget about our dear friends off the coast of Miami, Cuba. What edge does a country like China hold over Cuba besides size? Nothing besides a larger source of cheap labor. Our current stance on Cuba was correct in 1962. Castro was indeed a communist, but only after the US, who he turned to first, refused to help him. In 2001, however, it seems apparent that Castro has metamorphisized into something else. Castro has done an almost complete 180 in his political philosophy, and some would argue that Cuba is almost a democracy already. If we lifted our ineffective embargoes and opened the trade lines in Cuba, I see no reason why Castro would not open his society even more. Americans are missing out on a chance to change Cuba, both financially a nd politically. We have the chance to rebuild an entire economy from the ground up, and all we have to do is invest in it. These opportunities are not hypothetical either, but real as apparent to other countries like Canada and the Europeans. Everyone else in the world knows this already because they have made the necessary attitude adjustments and are in there rolling up their sleeves and getting their hands dirty. Castro knows that he cant do this task of changing his entire structure himself, and its only a matter of time before he finds someone to help that will most likely not be favorable to the US. It happened before when the US denied him and he turned to the USSR, there is no reason why we should let it happen again. As the supposed leader of the free world we should know better. All the US does is preach about the importance of stability and free market systems, and the need for democracy. With an example like we are setting, why should anyone follow? Why should we do ever ything in our power to ensure neither survives in Cuba? Its time and has been for a long time to swallow our pride and admit we were wrong. The rest of the free world already knows it. They sit in their Cuban financed offices, smoking big fat Cuban cigars laughing at our arrogance and us. (Smith)Next, the United States must respond to the problems of democratization and religious revival in the Middle East and Latin America. In the Middle East, there seems to be the notion that attempts at democratization would lead to the downfall of minority rights. As Judith Miller pointed out, The promotion of free elections immediately is likely to lead to the triumph of Islamic groups that have no commitment to democracy in any recognizable or meaningful form (Miller 59). What the United States must do is establish a representational or parliamentary process that recognizes all forms of political action. Simply promoting free elections would lead to a backlash in democratization efforts. The f ear is in the idea of one group outlawing another. A democracy might be based on majoritarian rule; but all groups, whether they be Islamic fundamentalist or even Christian, must be able to participate in the political process. Similarly, the United States must show complete support for the democratic process in Latin America. When Salvador Allende was elected President of Chile, the West feared the thought of a complete Marxist government (Rosenberg 28). Not only did we try to kidnap his main general and fail miserably when we actually killed him, we set forth a coup to overthrow a legitimately elected official and went against everything we have preached over the last 150 years about respecting democracy and working within a system. What needs to be respected is not the political ideology of one group or country, but rather its democratic process. Because democracy neither forms countries nor strengthens them initially, a multiparty system is best suited to nations that already ha ve an established bureaucracy and a middle class which pays income tax, and where the main issues of property and power-sharing have been resolved. Leaving two politicians or parties to argue about the budgets, and letting the tax payers decide who should come to power. (Kaplan E9)A problem then arises as to the issue of Islamic and Christian revivalism, because as countries become poorer and poorer, religion plays an ever increasing role in citizens lives as they search for any glimmer of hope to believe in. Occasionally an extremist group like the Taliban will gain power with ease. By Steve Barnes EssayHuntington, Samuel. The Clash of Civilizations: The West Versus the Rest. Foreign Affairs Vol.72 (1993). No.3: 39-41. Japan Remains Pacifics Largest Trading Partner. Sunday Star (1996): Star Publications, (Maylasia) Berhad. (Transmitted From Netscape). Kaplan, Robert. Democracys Trap. New York Times 24 Dec. 1995: E9Kennedy, Paul. Winners and Losers in the Developing World: Preparing the Twenty First Century. New York: Random House, 1993. Miller, Judith. The Challenge of Radical Islam. The Other World: Culture and Politics in the Third World (1993) 57-58. Rosenberg, Tina. Beyond Election. The Other World: Culture and Politics in the Third World (1993) 28. Savona, Dave. Choosing a Nerve Center Overseas. Foreign Trade Nov. 1995: 11-22, 50. Smith, Wayne S. Cubas Long Reform. Foreign Affairs. Vol 75 (1996) No. 2: 99-112Words/ Pages : 3,504 / 24